An Analysis Of Secondary Circulations And Their Effects Caused By Small-Scale Surface Inhomogeneities Using Large-Eddy Simulation   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

S. Raasch  G. Harbusch 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,101(1):31-59

A parallelized large-eddy simulation model has been used to investigate the effects of two-dimensional, discontinuous, small-scale surface heterogeneities on the turbulence structure of the convective boundary layer.Heterogeneities had a typical size of about the boundary-layer heightz_i. They were produced by a surface sensible heat flux pattern ofchessboard-type and of strong amplitude as typical, e.g., for the marginalice zone. The major objectives of this study were to determinethe effects of such strong amplitude heat flux variations and to specify theinfluence of different speeds and directions of the background wind.Special emphasis has been given to investigate the secondary circulations induced by the heterogeneities by means of three-dimensional phase averages.Compared with earlier studies of continuous inhomogeneities, the same sizeddiscontinuous inhomogeneities in this study show similar but stronger effects.Significant changes compared with uniform surface heating are only observedwhen the scale of the inhomogeneities is increased to z_i. Especially the vertical energy transport is much more vigorous and even the mean emperature profile shows a positive lapse rate within the whole mixed layer. However, the effects are not directly caused by the different shape of the inhomogeneities but can mainly be attributed to the large amplitude of the imposed heat flux,as it is typical for the partially ice covered sea during cold air outbreaks.The structure of the secondary flow is found to be very sensitive to the wavelength and shape of the inhomogeneities as well as to the heatflux amplitude, wind speed and wind direction. The main controlling parameter is the near-surface temperature distribution and the related horizontal pressure gradient perpendicular to the main flow direction. The secondary flow varies from a direct circulation with updraughts mainly above the centre of the heated regions to a more indirect circulation with updraughts beneath the centre and downdraughts above it. For background winds larger than 2.5 m s^–1 a roll-like circulation pattern is observed.From previous findings it has often been stated that moderate backgroundwinds of 5 m s^–1 eliminate all impacts of surface inhomogeneitiesthat could potentially be produced in realistic landscapes. However, this studyshows that the effects caused by increasing the wind speed stronglydepend on the wind direction relative to the orientation of theinhomogeneities. Secondary circulations remain strong, even for abackground wind of 7.5 m s^–1, when the wind direction is orientatedalong one of the two diagonals of the chessboard pattern. On the otherhand, the effects of inhomogeneities are considerably reduced, even undera modest background wind of 2.5 m s^–1, if the wind direction isturned by 45°. Mechanisms for the different flow regimesare discussed.  相似文献   

THE STUDY OF STORM RAINFALL CAUSED BY INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NON-ZONAL HIGH LEVEL JET STREAK AND TYPHOON IN THE DISTANCE   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

丁治英  张兴强  何金海  徐海明 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2001,7(2):187-198

In this paper, statistics were analyzed concerning correlation between the storm rainfall far from typhoon and non-zonal upper-level jet stream. The results show that the jet stream at 200 hPa is constantly SW (90.2 %) during the period in which storm rainfall occurs. Rainfall area lies in the right rear regions of the jet axes. While the storm intensifies, the jet tends to be stronger and turn non-zonal. With the MM4 model, numerical simulation and diagnosis were carried out for Typhoon No.9711 (Winnie) on August 19 to 20, 1997. The distant storm rainfall is tightly correlative to the jet and low-level typhoon trough. The divergence field of jet is related to the v component. The upper level can cause the allobaric wind convergence at low level. This is the result of the form of low-level typhoon trough and the strength of the storm. By scale analysis, it is found that there is a branch of middle scale transverse inverse circulation in the right entrance regions behind the jet below the 300-hPa level, which is very important to the maintenance and strengthening of storm rainfall. This branch of inverse circulation is relative to the reinforcement of jet's non-zonal characteristics. From the field of mesoscale divergence field and non-zonal wind field, we know that the stronger symmetry caused by transverse circulation in the two sides of the jet, rainfall’s feedback and reinforcement of jet’s non-zonal characteristics had lead to positive feedback mechanism that was favorable of storm rainfall’s strengthening.  相似文献   

绥化电视发射塔工程场址地震基本烈度影响因素的探讨     

薛仲新 《东北地震研究》2001,17(3):51-59

采用同一地震带中两个不同潜在震源区的统计模型，讨论了当潜在震源区分方法不同时对场址基本烈度的影响。  相似文献   

张北Ms6.2地震前重力异常及异常机制探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张晶  孙柏成 《地震》2001,21(2):75-78

根据晋北和辽西地区地质构造背景及力学机制，分析了1998年张北Ms6.2地震前后出现在震中外围地区的重力异常变化，对沿深部断裂附近出现的重力异常进行了分析讨论，认为沿深部断裂出现的重力异常可作为地震前兆场的信息。  相似文献   

中卫-同心断裂带全新世古地震研究   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18       下载免费PDF全文

闵伟  张培震  邓起东 《地震地质》2001,23(3):357-366

通过对中卫 -同心断裂带中段和西段 7个新探槽的古地震研究 ,并结合前人对中段古地震的研究结果 ,分析确定出 140 0 0a以来中卫 -同心断裂带共发生 6次古地震事件。其中仅有 1次是破裂全带的 ,发生在晚更新世末 ,其它都为全新世以来的次级破裂事件 ,3次破裂中段 ,两次破裂西段。公元 170 9年 7 级历史地震只破裂中段 ,因此推断只破裂中段或西段的古地震震级约为 7 级左右 ;破裂全带的古地震震级应为 8级左右。从时间上看 ,这 6次事件的分布是不均匀的 ,但没有明显的丛集现象  相似文献   

祁连-海原地震带中强地震序列类型分布及其应用          下载免费PDF全文

杨立明  王振亚  程建武  殷志钢 《地震工程学报》2001,23(2):137-141

研究了1970年以来发生于祁连—海原地震带的18次中强地震序列特征，在此基础上确定了地震序列类型，研究了各种类型地震序列的分布规律．结果表明，该带的18次中强地震序列中有44%为主震型，56%为孤立型．西海固地区的中强地震序列一般为孤立型；101°～103.5°E范围内的祁连山中东段的中强地震序列一般为主震型；99°～101°E范围内的祁连山中段为孤立型和主震型序列并存；99°E以西的祁连山西段的中强地震序列为孤立型．将上述结果应用于2000年6月6日景泰MS5.9地震的震后趋势快速判定，判定结果与实际地震活动情况符合．  相似文献   

长江中下游-南黄海地震带地震趋势研究          下载免费PDF全文

李强  徐桂明  范桂英 《地震工程学报》2001,23(3):265-268

运用灰色理论对长江中下游－南黄海地震带从1971年开始的20世纪第2个地震活跃幕的结束时间进行了研究。结果表明，该次地震活跃幕的结束时间大约在2019年，还运用灰色理论对该地震带未来的地震形势进行了预测。所得结果可供华东地区地震大形势分析和地震的中期预报参考。  相似文献   

双侧破裂模型对地震动空间相关性影响的定量研究     

金星  张明宇  王绍博  丁海平  陈超 《地震工程与工程振动》2001,21(1):1-8

本在震源为双侧线状断层破裂模型的假定下，根据震源理论和波谱随空间坐标的展开式，得到了场地两点地震动Fourier谱的表达式Ab(f)=Aa(f)exp(a1δ0 a2δθ，中提出了将双侧破裂模型分解为两个单侧破裂模型计算双侧破裂模型a1和a2的数值方法，以一次地震（M＝6）为例，分析了双侧破裂模型对地震动空间相关性的影响，计算了 a1和a2的实部和虚部以及孔径随震中距，方位角和频率变化的三维图像。  相似文献   

城市地震活断层探测的地球物理方法   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

吴建平 《国际地震动态》2001,(8):2-16

通过国内外有关城市地震活断层探测的实例，对城市地震活断层探测的主要地球物理方法进行了介绍。由于城市地区特殊的干扰环境，城市地震活断层探测需要对传统的技术方法进行必要的改进和调整。以提高探测方法的抗干扰能力，城市地球地震活断层探测应充分利用高分辨浅层地震勘探和人工地震测深精度高的优势，根据不同城市的地球物理特征，配合电法勘探、磁法勘探、重力勘探和天然地震观测等其他地球物理方法，通过对资料的综合分析和解释，提高探测结果的分辨率和可靠性。  相似文献   

河南内乡-镇平ML4.7级地震及其震前 地震活动特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

谢智  王文旭  刘尧兴  胡凤英  许孝法 《华南地震》2001,21(1):26-31

2000年4月29日河南内乡－镇平ML4．7级地震是一次显著地震事件，地震序列属孤立型，根据震区地震地质背景，等震线分布以及震源机制解的综合分析表明，发震断层为北西向的朱阳关－桐柏断裂，对1992年至今该区2．0级以上地震空间分布的研究认为，震前的地震空间分在由无序到有序的演化过程，即存在一个地震正常活动，地震空间，地震条带，震前震中区平静至发震的发展过程。  相似文献